![]() For anything beyond a trivial situation, these equations cannot be solved manually, but instead require transient analysis software such as Bentley’s Hammer program. Understanding transients requires solving equations that can account for these rapid changes in velocity and subsequent pressure waves. However, models used for typical design and operation of water systems usually ignore rapid changes in velocity. There are many ways to reduce rapid changes in velocity or reduce the impact of water hammer, and understanding them in any detail requires a transient analysis computer model.Īlmost every water utility of any size in the developed world has a hydraulic model of their distribution system. Prevention or control of transients is not easy or intuitive. These pressure waves move quickly through water systems and die off quickly, therefore causing an impact that can go unnoticed until they cause major problems. ![]() High pressure waves can burst pipes or open joints, while low pressures can collapse pipes or suck contaminated water into pipes. However, larger pressure waves, referred to as transients, water hammer or surges, can cause serious problems. Usually, these changes are small and can be ignored. Any time water accelerates or decelerates in a pipe, a pressure wave is created.
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